Non-rechargeable lithium batteries Laptop Battery have a variety of currently used are lithium - manganese dioxide batteries, lithium - thionyl chloride batteries and lithium batteries and other compounds.
1 Lithium - Manganese Dioxide Battery (Li MnO2)
Lithium - Manganese Dioxide Lithium battery is a kind of anode to manganese dioxide as cathode, and a one-time use of organic electrolyte batteries. The main characteristics of the battery cell voltage is high, rated voltage of 3V (an ordinary alkaline batteries 2 times); the termination of the discharge voltage of 2V; than the energy of large (see above examples); discharge voltage is stable and reliable; a good storage properties (storage time 3 years), self-discharge rate is low (annual self-discharge rate ≤ 2%); Operating temperature range -20 ℃ ~ +60 ℃.
The battery can be made into a different shape to meet different requirements, it has a rectangular, cylindrical and button-shaped (button).
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used mobile phone M8403 battery, but it is more "finicky" in use can not overcharge, over-discharge (may damage the battery or make it scrapped). Therefore, the protection of components or the battery protection circuitry to prevent damage to expensive batteries. Lithium-ion battery charging very high, to ensure that the termination voltage is within 1% accuracy, at present the major semiconductor factory has developed a variety of lithium-ion battery charging IC, in order to ensure safe, reliable and fast charging.
Now phone is a very common part of the phone nickel-metal hydride batteries, but the smart phone type is a lithium-ion battery. The proper use of lithium-ion battery for extended battery life is very important. Lithium-ion battery is currently the most widely used lithium batteries, which according to different requirements of electronic products can be molded into a flat rectangular, cylindrical, rectangular, and button, and there are several cells in series with the composition of the battery pack. Lithium-ion battery rated at 3.6V (some products are 3.7V). When fully charged the termination charge voltage and M9324 battery anode materials relate to: the anode material is graphite 4.2V; anode material for coke 4.1V. Resistance of different anode materials are also different, slightly larger internal resistance of coke anode and the discharge curve is also slightly different, as shown in Figure 1. Commonly referred to as 4.1V and 4.2V Li-ion battery Lithium-ion batteries. Now used mostly 4.2V, and the termination of lithium-ion battery discharge voltage 2.5V ~ 2.75V (battery factory operating voltage range is given, or given the termination of the discharge voltage, the parameters slightly different). Less than the termination of discharge voltage to continue to discharge known as the over-discharge, over-discharge of the battery will be damaged.
Lithium-ion batteries are not suitable for high-current discharge, over-current discharge will reduce the discharge time (internal temperature will produce a higher loss of energy). Therefore, the battery manufacturing plant gives maximum discharge current, in use A1185 should be less than the maximum discharge current. Lithium-ion batteries have certain requirements on the temperature of the factory give the charging temperature range, discharge temperature range and the preservation temperature range. Lithium-ion battery on the charge requirement is very high, it requires sophisticated charging circuit in order to ensure the safety of charge. Termination tolerance for the rated charge voltage accuracy of ± 1% (example: 4.2V rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, its tolerance of ± 0.042V), over-voltage rechargeable lithium-ion battery can cause permanent damage. Lithium-ion battery charge current should be based on the battery manufacturer's recommendations and demand for a limited flow of the circuit in order to avoid over-current (overheating). Commonly charge rate 0.25C ~ 1C (C is the battery capacity, such as the C = 800mAh, 1C charge rate of the charge current is 800mA). In the high current charge, often to detect the battery temperature to prevent overheating damage to the battery or produce an explosion.
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery is divided into two phases: the first constant current charging, to near the termination voltage is changed to constant voltage charging, the A1175 charging characteristics as shown in Figure 2. This is a 800mAh capacity battery, its termination charge voltage of 4.2V. Batteries 800mA (charge rate of 1C) constant current charging, the battery voltage to the beginning of the slope of a larger step-up, when the battery voltage is close to 4.2V, the change 4.2V constant voltage charging, the current gradually decreased, the voltage changed little to the charge current dropped to 1/10C (about 80mA), the view that close to full, you can terminate the charge (some 1/10C charger to start the timer, over a certain time after the end of the charge). Lithium-ion battery charging or discharging process in the event of overcharge, over-discharge or over-current, it will cause damage or reduce the life of the battery.
[Edit this paragraph] Charge
The first charge, if time can be longer, then the electrode as much as possible to the highest oxidation state, and so be able to increase Armada E500 battery life.
Friday, 11 September 2009
lithium-ion battery - Type
Lithium-ion battery
Lithium-ion battery (Li-ion Batteries) developed from a lithium battery Laptop Battery. Therefore, introducing the Li-ion, before introducing lithium batteries. For example, previously used button batteries inside the camera belongs to Li-ion battery. Lithium battery cathode material is manganese dioxide, or thionyl chloride, lithium anode. After the completion of the battery assembly that is the battery voltage, without charge. Such cells may also be charged, but the cycle performance is not good, in the charge-discharge cycle, the easier the formation of lithium dendrite, causing internal short-circuit the battery, so under normal circumstances in which such the battery charging is prohibited. Later, Japan's Sony Corporation has come to carbon materials as the anode, lithium-containing compounds in order to make positive, in the charge-discharge process, there is no lithium metal, and only lithium-ion, which is lithium-ion battery. When charging the battery when the battery on the positive lithium ion generation, resulting lithium-ion movement through the electrolyte to the M8511 cathode. As the carbon anode layered structure, it has a lot of micro, to lithium-ion on the anode embedded in porous carbon layer, the embedded lithium-ion the more the higher the charge capacity. Similarly, when the battery discharge (ie, the process we use the battery), embedded in the carbon cathode layer of lithium-ion extrusion, but also movement back to positive. Back to the cathode of lithium-ion the more the higher discharge capacity. We usually say that the battery capacity is the discharge capacity. In the Li-ion charge-discharge process, lithium-ion transition from the positive → negative → positive moves in space. Li-ion Batteries is like a rocking chair, rocking chair at both ends of the battery poles, while theA1012 lithium-ion rocking back and forth as players do run. Therefore, Li-ion Batteries also known as rocking chair batteries.
[Edit this paragraph] lithium-ion battery cell components
Steel / aluminum Series:
(1) battery cover from top to bottom
(2) positive - active substances usually lithium cobalt oxide
(3) diaphragm - a special kind of composite membrane
(4) negative - active substances for the carbon
(5) Organic electrolyte
(6) Battery shell (divided into two kinds of steel and aluminum)
Flexible Series
(A) positive - active substances are generally lithium cobalt oxide
(2) diaphragm - PP or PE composite film
(3) negative - active substances for the carbon
(4) Organic electrolyte
(5) Battery shell - aluminum composite films
[Edit this paragraph] lithium-ion battery - Principles of Deconstruction
[1] Li-ion battery system is divided into lithium PowerBook G4 15inch battery and lithium-ion battery. At present the use of mobile phones and notebook computers are lithium-ion battery, usually people are commonly known as the Li-Ion battery. Currently mobile phones use lithium ion batteries, lithium batteries because of the real risk of large, does not apply to everyday electronic products.
Lithium-ion battery cathode materials with carbon in order to make positive electrode containing lithium compounds, there is no lithium metal, and only lithium-ion, which is lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion battery refers to the lithium-ion intercalation compound as cathode material for battery general. Lithium-ion battery charge and discharge process, that is, lithium-ion intercalation and de-embedding process. In the lithium-ion intercalation and de-embedding process, accompanied with the electronic equivalent of lithium-ion intercalation and de-embedded (customary to use embedded or de-embedded positive that, while the PowerBook G4 negative electrode, said plug with the insertion or removal). In the charge-discharge process, lithium-ion in the positive and negative round-trip between the embedding / de-embedding and insertion / de-inserted, is vividly called the "rocking chair batteries."
Lithium-ion battery energy density, the average output voltage is high. Self-discharge is small, below 10% per month. No memory effect. Wide operating temperature range of -20 ℃ ~ 60 ℃. Cycle performance is superior, fast charge and discharge, charge efficiency of up to 100% and output power. Long service life. There is no environmental pollution, known as the green battery.
Charging is an important step in re-use batteries, lithium-ion battery charging process is divided into two phases: constant current fast charge phase (light red or yellow) and constant-voltage current descending phase (light green). Constant-current fast-charge stage, the PowerBook G3 battery voltage gradually rises to the standard battery voltage, and then transferred to constant pressure in the control phase of the next chip, the voltage will not rise in order to ensure that no over-charge, current battery, along with the gradual weakening of the increase in to 0, and the ultimate completion of charging. Statistics chip power consumption can be sampled by recording the discharge curve to calculate the battery capacity. Lithium-ion batteries in multiple use, the discharge curve will change, lithium-ion battery while there is no memory effect, but it will seriously affect the battery charging improper performance.
Lithium-ion battery over charge and discharge would have positive and negative result in permanent damage. Led to excessive discharge of carbon anode lamellar structure is collapsed, while the collapse will cause the process of charging lithium-ion can not be inserted; over-charging so much carbon anode of lithium ion embedded in the structure, while the result of which part of the M7318 lithium-ion can no longer be released.
Charge is equal to the charge current multiplied by the charging time, in the charge control voltage of certain circumstances, the greater the charge current (faster charging), charging the smaller power. Battery charging too fast and end-point voltage control properly, also lead to lack of battery capacity, the actual part of the battery electrode active material has not been fully respond to stop charging, the charging shortage increases with the number of cycles increased.
Laptop batteries have to say that the secret of
Some time ago APPLE, DELL, SONY, HP and other international well-known PC giants have emerged in the M6091 notebook battery recall problems and the original? Today I would like to extend the topic to a number of laptop battery knowledge to share with you?
Why do books The more you use the battery power consumption less? Why do battery calibration feature makes capacity to restore part? How is the correct battery charger? All this from the start with the calculation of battery power ... ...
Whether it has been eliminated nickel-metal hydride batteries, now used in lithium-ion battery, or not commonly lithium polymer batteries, or even tomorrow's stars of the silver-zinc batteries, are the equivalent of a warehouse storing electricity, the difference is that they access library approach, the storage capacity only. In the notebook computer batteries, as well as a large responsible for managing these batteries housekeeper - power computing chips, which is the management of A1148 battery, computing power, is responsible for charging and discharging of the "responsible person."
In the measurement of battery technology, there are four kinds of common method, but not books of different brands of batteries using only one method of calculating power consumption are usually several ways to use an integrated, in one of the main method of calculating The remaining auxiliary calculation means to achieve the computing power to manage. The first is the open circuit voltage measurement method, this method is by measuring the battery voltage in the stationary state values to calculate the remaining battery capacity, but because of stationary lithium-ion battery voltage and remaining capacity of the relationship between Laptop Battery the non-linear, Therefore, this method is not an accurate measurement of the value of the vast majority of cell phone batteries have adopted this method of calculation; the second is called Coulomb's method of calculation, the method is by measuring the battery charge and discharge current, the current value and time value of the After the product is calculated by integrating the batteries into the battery charge and the release of electricity, Coulomb's method of calculation is a more accurate method of calculating power; third is to impedance measurement method, it is by measuring the resistance within the battery get the battery remaining capacity value; The fourth is a comprehensive look-up table method, by setting a related table, the voltage, current, temperature and other parameters input, you can check the A1078 battery's remaining capacity to be.
Thus, apart from the internal structure of the battery batteries, there are management chip, the chip contains one or two of them measuring method of calculating capacity batteries, and a set of charge and discharge protection circuit. Among the notebooks in the system, through the driver interface access to this chip, and then set the battery management.
So, why the battery would be more you use less electricity, but the implementation of the correction function can restore the battery capacity of a part of it? A1079 Laptop batteries are generally the so-called six-pin power, 4-pin power, refers to the number of battery cells within the batteries. So many batteries together, that is, the less electricity more you use the fundamental reasons: batteries and the batteries between the quality of discharge can not be exactly the same level, such as discharge, in which a substantial reduction in power batteries, In order to maintain voltage stability, battery management chip will follow "casks principle", according to the worst of that energy-saving core to charge protection, battery charge will naturally decline, the impact is even more than the battery irreversible Institute of Chemical Physics change.
Battery calibration function is to balance the multiple batteries, the battery because of their resistance can not be completely consistent, the battery will be great resistance bear strong current, leading to their own consumption more than other M8244 batteries, but also easier to wear and tear, therefore, on a regular basis to do the battery calibration is necessary - so as to balance the burden of multi-cell "work", thus extending the overall life expectancy.
Sunday, 6 September 2009
EU might force Apple to change laptop battery design
According to foreign media reports, the European Union is considering the implementation of a requirement for all mobile phone batteries dell Inspiron 8100 battery and convenient loading and unloading must implement the terms of the directive might cause embarrassment Apple's laptop handset.
AppleInsider Web site quoted the British Journal of Commerce "new electronic" (New Electronics) on the contents of the article, said the recent charge of computer services within the EU officials are considering introduction of a similar many years ago dell Inspiron 8000 battery to restrict hazardous substances in electrical and electronic products and the promulgation of the "electrical electronic equipment restrict the use of Certain Hazardous Substances Directive "(RoHS)" New Batteries Directive. "
It is reported that the "New Batteries Directive" requires that all mobile phone manufacturers should ensure that their products easy to replace the battery, whether it be demolished or loose screws slide the demolition. However, Apple's laptop mobile phones and iPod players do not comply with the directive requirements: For users who request a replacement battery, Apple usually dell Inspiron 8200 battery require users to their mobile phones and iPod players, laptop sent the company a professional to replace because the laptop mobile phone battery hidden behind the main circuit board.
At present, the wording is very ambiguous about whether the mandatory requirements of the instructions must be replaced laptop battery design is not clear. But the Web site AppleInsider reported that behind the European Union issued the directive is aimed at cell phone batteries discarded after the request can not be arbitrarily thrown into the garbage heap. If the Apple to the European Union on its batteries "Replacement Project" can also satisfy the "not to trash discarded at random," for this purpose, Apple is not necessary for the laptop mobile phones and iPod players, batteries dell Latitude CPi battery are designed for a big headache.
Tuesday, 28 July 2009
Best Budget Laptop: Acer Extensa Laptop with Intel® Celeron® Processor 560
Economic times are tough but buying a new laptop computer Laptop Battery doesn’t have to cost a fortune.
Acer Extensa Laptop
As a college student, I go through laptops quicker than I’d like to think about, so I’m always on the hunt for laptop that will give me the best features, the cheapest price, and generally, the most bang-for-my-buck.
In my career I’ve gone through Compaqs, Gateways, and Dells and have been happy with the product but not thrilled with the price tag that was attached. It seemed like no matter Apple M9324 Battery what I bought or how I used it, batteries die, screens crack, and memory fills up quickly.
I took my mother’s advice this time around and have never been happier. My younger brother (still in high school) and I now proudly sport the same model through the academic hallways and we can both say with confidence: The Acer Extensa Laptop with Intel® Celeron® Processor 560 is the best laptop computer to buy on a budget.
Retailing at just under $400, the Acer Extensa Laptop Apple A1185 Battery comes with an Intel® Celeron® Processor 560 is the best laptop computer to buy on a budget and comes with:
an Intel® Celeron® mobile processor 560 with 553MHz frontside bus, 1MB L2 cache and 2.0GHz processor speed
an Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator X3100 with Intel® Dynamic Video Memory Technology, 8MB of dedicated system memory and 350-384MB allocated shared video memory, DirectX 9.0, S-video TV-out, and high-definition audio
a 5-in-1 card reader that supports a Secure Digital, a MultiMediaCard, a Memory Stick, a Memory Stick PRO, and a xD-Picture Card
a 120GB hard Apple A1175 Battery drive
2GB of PC2-5300 DDR memory
a Multiformat DVD±RW/CD-RW drive with double-layer support that can record up to 8.5GB of data or 4 hours of video with its compatible DVD+R DL and DVD-R DL media that also supports DD-RAM
a IEEE 1394 (FireWire) interface and 4 high-speed USB 2.0 ports
an Acer InviLink 802.11b/g wireless LAN built-in Ethernet port with RJ-45 connector and a V.92 high-speed modem
The Extensa weighs a slightly hefty 6.3 lbs. and measures 1.7". It runs on a lithium-ion battery that charges on an AC adapter and is preloaded with Windows Compaq Armada E500 Battery Vista Home Premium.
Monday, 27 July 2009
How to Disassemble a Laptop - Removing "External" Components
Leave a commentNow that we've discussed the needed tools as well as important Laptop Battery safety tips for yourself and your laptop, it's time to break out the screwdriver and pry tool and get to work. The first step is removing all of the external "fluff".
Disclaimer
Obviously, it would be impossible for me to give a detailed guide on how to disassemble every laptop ever created. Don't kid yourself - this is battery not a "if you've done one you've done them all" kind of situation. Laptops are all completely different from each other, with different quirks, hidden screws and fasteners, and things that make you want to rip your hair out and write a hateful email to the company begging for an explanation of why they incorporated such a seemingly moronic design.
The best I can do is give you tips Apple Laptop Battery on how to proceed, gleaned from breaking down around 400 laptops in all.
Where to Begin...
So you are staring at your unplugged, powered off laptop (which is resting on a anti-static mat with the battery removed), thinking about how itchy your battery wristband is, and also about where in the world to begin this disassembly adventure.
Screw Removal
Step one to disassembling a laptop is always removing drives, screws, and other components. To begin, flip the laptop over and remove every screw on the bottom. If you don't think you'll remember where to put them back, then draw a picture and make notes. I recommend doing this even if you are fairly Apple M9324 Battery convinced you'll remember. Three hours from now it will not be as easy.
Most laptops have little hatches, of sorts, on the bottom that provide easy access to things like the Memory, Wireless Card, and sometimes the Hard Drive. Open all of these Apple PowerBook G4 Battery hatches and remove the components inside of them, being sure to place anything removed onto the anti-static mat.
To remove memory (in the large majority of machines) gently pull on the metal tabs on each side of the stick until it releases. This will cause the module to pop up at an angle. Gently grip it by the edges and pull to remove.
If there is a Wireless card under one of your hatches, you will know because two wires (usually black and white) will be running to it. The card usually battery removes in similar fashion to the memory. To dislodge the wires, slip your finger or pry tool under them and apple PowerBook G3 Battery gently lift up. You shouldn't have to mess with the metal fastener at all.
Hard Drives that are installed under hatches are usually screwed into some kind of thin metal frame, which is then screwed to the laptop. You'll likely need to unscrew it, and then slide it at least a quarter of an inch before it will disconnect and you can lift it out. Occasionally, in very poorly designed machines, large components will be have screws in the bottom as well as on the opposite side, underneath the keyboard. If you are unable to remove the hard drive, wait until we've removed the keyboard and see if you can find another screw that is holding it in.
Many Hard Drives are installed on the edge of the laptop for much simpler removal. On most Dell laptops, only two short screws are holding it in place, and you can use Apple M7318 Battery a prying tool to slide the hard drive out. Other brands may vary, but this is a very common design, particularly in laptop models designed for business, where hard drive swapping can be a common task.
CD/DVD Rom Drives may not always be removable prior to removing the keyboard. On many Dells, and several other brands, these drives have a plastic tab on them that a person can press allowing the drive to be pulled out without any trouble. Sometimes drives like this will be locked into place by a screw in the bottom of the laptop battery . On other models there will be no tab present, but there will be an area on the bottom of the laptop where a prying tool can be used to "push" the drive out. If you don't see any Apple M8403 Battery indication of this, then there is a good chance that drive is staying put until further notice.
Up Next, The Screen: The Keyboard and More
Intel’s Mobile Nehalem on Calpella – What You’re Missing
Leave a commentMobile Nehalem and the accompanying Calpella platform have been Laptop Battery delayed again, but what are laptop users missing out on during this delay? We look at Calpella and the CPUs it will run: Clarksfield and Arrandale.
Laptop users are none too happy about Intel holding off on Calpella, and delaying Centrino 2 price cuts, until laptop vendors can get more battery of the old laptops sold. But what benefits are laptop users not getting until, at the soonest, September?
First Mobile Nehalem: The Quad-Core Claksfield
Clarksfield will be Nehalem’s first foray into the notebook market. It will likely share a lot of nice features from the desktop Core i7 line. This includes Hyper Threading, which makes each core able to process two threads of instructions, bringing a huge Apple A1148 Battery increase in performance for multithreaded apps.
Some version of what Intel calls Turbo Boost Technology will be included. On the desktop Core i7 this shuts off cores that aren’t in use. Using the heat and voltage headroom left by shutting off those cores, TBT lightly overclocks those still in use.
Hopefully, the laptop version will be configurable based on the laptop’s power state. Specifically, it would be great if it could use the overclocking side when plugged in or above a certain battery level, under which it would just do the shutting off unused cores part.
Clarksfield and the Calpella Platform
Changes to the CPU that affect the platform as a whole are battery numerous. Most noticeably, the PCI-e graphics and memory controllers move from the northbridge to the CPU. Clarksfield, and versions of the Calpella platform it will use, do not have integrated graphics. With the controllers on the CPU and no on board graphics, the Calpella doesn’t need a Apple A1078 Battery northbridge.
On the Ibex Peak-M chipsets used by Calpella (called simply Ibex Peak in desktop form, -M is for Mobile), the Clarksfield connects directly to the southbridge by Intel’s Direct Media Interface, as we see on the right.
DMI is currently used to connect the north and southbridges of Intel’s Series 4 chipset, where the graphics and memory controllers were on the northbridge, and connected to the CPU by Front Side Bus. See diagram below.
Next Year’s 32nm Mobile Westmere Nehalem: The Dual-Core Arrandale
The next step for the Intel Nehalem’s march to mobility is Arrandale. Along with its desktop counterpart, Clarkdale (note there is no s, as opposed to the Clarksfield above), they will be the world’s first 32nm processors. It is similar to the Clarksfield, sharing Apple A1079 Battery Nehalem features like TBT and Hyper Threading, and Ibex Peak features like not having a northbridge.
Other than the 32nm, Westmere, process (Clarksfield is still on 45nm, or Penryn) and being two instead of four core, the biggest difference between Clarksfield and Arrandale is that the later has integrated graphics. Yup, the graphics are integrated right onto the processor (well, right beside it, see picture at left).
That has many benefits in terms of size, less bottlenecking, power battery consumption, and even cost reduction. Unfortunately, the first CPUs with integrated graphics will use a somewhat improved version of Intel’s GMA 4500 currently found on Series 4 chipsets. The choice to modify the uncompetitive GMA 4500 for integrated CPU graphics is discussed here.
The resulting difference to the Calpella platform is that Arrandale version will have something Intel calls Flexible Display Interface to move display output to the Apple M8244 Battery southbridge (picture below). It still has DMI for other CPU-southbridge communication.
Calpella as a Whole
Most of Calpella’s more noteworthy changes from Centrino 2 are related to taking advantages of the CPU, and we discussed those above. Calpella has a few other neat tricks, though, mostly on the power saving front. After all, the processor itself should offer a big boost on its own, if Core i7 performance is anything to go by. Similar to TBT (mentioned above) which can shut off unused cores, there should also be functionality to shut down chipset components that aren’t in use. Intel is also planning an Apple M8511 Battery improved WiFi system that should add 30 minutes to battery life.
When Calpella does arrive, the Ibex Peak-M chipsets will have similar names to the desktop Ibex Peak battery lineup of P, Q, H, Series 5 chipsets. This continues Intel's chipset naming system that began with Series 3 with one small change. Now that the graphics are on the CPU instead of the chipset, H replaces G as the chipsets that support CPUs with integrated graphics (the Arrandale described above) for home users. Q is the business offering, and P doesn’t have the FDI to support CPU-integrated graphics, as its meant to be used with discrete graphics.
As with the platform codename itself, add an M for Mobile. So P55 and Q57 on the desktop would become PM55 and QM57 on the notebook Apple A1012 Battery respectively.
No Calpella Until You Finish Your Centrino 2
Nehalem’s performance isn’t needed for day to day tasks, and the numerous cores and Hyper Threading don’t really help with gaming. For those who have demanding professional apps to run, though, they are a real boon. Getting these processors mobile would actually allow for laptops that have some claim to being ‘portable workstations.’
And everyone can use less power consumption and more battery Apple PowerBook G4 15inch Battery life. But, Intel won’t be rolling out Calpella